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Eleanor Rosalynn Carter (née Smith; August 18, 1927 – November 19, 2023) was an American writer, activist, and humanitarian who served as the First Lady of the United States from 1977 to 1981, during her husband Jimmy Carter's presidency. Known for her advocacy in women's rights and mental health, Carter dedicated her life to public service.

Born and raised in Plains, Georgia, Carter graduated as valedictorian from Plains High School and went on to attend Georgia Southwestern College, graduating in 1946. She was first drawn to her future husband, also from Plains, after seeing a photograph of him in his U.S. Naval Academy uniform, and they married in 1946. Carter played a crucial role in her husband's political career, helping him secure the governorship of Georgia in 1970. As Georgia's First Lady, she focused on mental health issues. She also campaigned vigorously for Jimmy Carter during his successful 1976 presidential campaign, which resulted in defeating the incumbent Republican President Gerald Ford.

Rosalynn Smith was born and raised in the rural town of Plains, Georgia. She was the eldest of four children in the Smith family. Her father, Wilburn Edgar Smith, was an auto mechanic and farmer, while her mother, Frances Allethea Murray Smith, was a dressmaker. Growing up during the Great Depression, Rosalynn’s early life was marked by economic hardship, but her family’s tight-knit community provided a supportive environment.

Despite the financial challenges, Rosalynn was a diligent student. She graduated as valedictorian from Plains High School in 1944. After high school, she attended Georgia Southwestern College (now Georgia Southwestern State University) in Americus, Georgia, where she took business courses. It was during this period that she became acquainted with Jimmy Carter, who was home on leave from the U.S. Naval Academy. Their relationship blossomed, and they were married on July 7, 1946.

Rosalynn Carter’s career trajectory is multifaceted, encompassing roles as a supportive spouse, a political partner, and a dedicated advocate for social causes. Her involvement in public service began in earnest when Jimmy Carter was elected as the governor of Georgia in 1970. As the First Lady of Georgia, Rosalynn took an active role in state affairs, particularly in areas related to mental health.

Her efforts in mental health advocacy began when she was appointed to the Governor’s Commission to Improve Services for the Mentally and Emotionally Handicapped. She toured state mental health facilities and advocated for better treatment and care for patients, laying the groundwork for her future advocacy work.

As First Lady of the United States, Rosalynn continued her mental health advocacy, serving as the honorary chairperson of the President’s Commission on Mental Health. The commission’s work led to the Mental Health Systems Act of 1980, which aimed to improve and expand mental health services across the nation. Although the act was largely dismantled in the following administration, Rosalynn's efforts brought significant attention to the issue.

After leaving the White House, Rosalynn continued her advocacy through the Carter Center, founded by Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter in 1982. The center focuses on human rights, disease prevention, and mental health. Rosalynn’s work with the Carter Center has been instrumental in promoting peace and improving global health.

Rosalynn Carter’s legacy is defined by her unwavering commitment to mental health advocacy and humanitarian work. Her efforts have had a lasting impact on public awareness and policy concerning mental health. The Mental Health Systems Act, despite its short-lived implementation, marked a significant step towards comprehensive mental health care in the United States.

Beyond her work in mental health, Rosalynn’s advocacy for caregivers has also left an indelible mark. She has been a vocal supporter of policies and programs that provide support to caregivers, recognizing the vital role they play in society. Her book, “Helping Yourself Help Others: A Book for Caregivers,” co-authored with Susan K. Golant, provides practical advice and emotional support for caregivers.

Rosalynn’s humanitarian efforts through the Carter Center have contributed to the eradication of diseases like Guinea worm disease and river blindness, as well as the promotion of human rights and democratic governance worldwide. Her work has garnered numerous awards and honors, including the Presidential Medal of Freedom, awarded to both Rosalynn and Jimmy Carter in 1999.

Looking to the future, Rosalynn Carter’s legacy will continue to inspire and guide efforts in mental health advocacy, caregiving, and humanitarian work. Her contributions have set a high standard for public service, demonstrating the profound impact that dedicated and compassionate leadership can have on society.

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